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08
2020-07
Identification methods for Huanglian
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This product is the dried rhizome of the plant family Ranunculaceae, including Coptis chinensis Franch. (also known as Wei Lian or Ji Zhua Lian), Coptis deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao (also known as Ya Lian), or Coptis teeta Wall. (also known as Yun Lian). Due to its yellow rhizome, which often forms intermittent nodular protrusions between the nodes resembling beads, it is named Huang Lian. Huang Lian is the most bitter, shaped like a chicken's claw, and is mainly produced in Sichuan, hence also known as Wei Lian, Ji Zhua Lian, or Chuan Lian. Coptis deltoidea is mainly produced in Hongya and Emei in Sichuan, hence also known as Ya Lian or Emei Lian. Coptis teeta is named after its main production in Yunnan, abbreviated as Yun Lian.
[Plant Morphology Identification]
1. Huang Lian: A perennial herb, 15 to 25 cm tall. The rhizome is yellow, often branched, densely covered with numerous fibrous roots. The leaves are basal, with petioles 5 to 12 cm long, glabrous, and the leaf blades are nearly leathery, ovate-triangular, up to 10 cm wide, palmately three-parted, with the central lobe being ovate-rhombic, 3 to 8 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide, with a sharp apex and a long petiole of 8 to 18 mm. There are 3 to 5 pairs of deeply lobed leaflets, spaced 2 to 6 mm apart, with sharp serrations on the edges. The lateral lobes are obliquely ovate, shorter than the central lobe, and unevenly deeply lobed. Both sides of the leaf veins are raised, with short soft hairs along the veins on the surface. There are 1 to 2 flower stalks, with a dichotomous or multi-branched umbel containing 3 to 8 flowers; the bracts are lanceolate and deeply lobed; there are 5 sepals, yellow-green, elongated ovate, 9 to 12.5 mm long and 2 to 3 mm wide; the petals are linear or linear-lanceolate, 5 to 6.5 mm long, with a gradually pointed apex and a nectar groove in the center; there are about 20 stamens, with anthers about 1 mm long and filaments 2 to 5 mm long, with 8 to 12 carpels, free, with short stalks, and the style is slightly bent outward. The fruit is a capsule, 6 to 8 mm long, with a slender stalk of 6 to 8 mm; there are 7 to 8 seeds, elongated ovate, about 2 mm long, brown. The flowering period is from February to March, and the fruiting period is from April to June.
2. Distinguishing features between Coptis deltoidea and Huang Lian: The rhizome is unbranched or with few branches, with distinct internodes and horizontal creeping stems. The leaf blades are ovate, up to 15 cm wide, palmately three-parted, with the central lobe being triangular-ovate, 3 to 12 cm long and 3 to 10 cm wide, with 4 to 6 pairs of deeply lobed leaflets, which are somewhat adjacent to each other; the lateral lobes are obliquely ovate-triangular. The petals are 3 to 6 mm long; the stamens are about half the length of the petals. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruiting period is from April to June.
3. Distinguishing features of Coptis teeta from the above two species: The rhizome is relatively small and has fewer branches. The leaf blades are nearly leathery, ovate-triangular, 5 to 9 cm wide, palmately three-parted, with the central lobe being ovate-rhombic, 3 to 6 cm long, with 3 to 6 pairs of deeply lobed leaflets, which can be spaced up to 1.5 cm apart. The bracts are oval; the petals are spoon-shaped to ovate-spoon-shaped, with a rounded apex.
[Identification of Medicinal Material Characteristics]
1. Wei Lian: Often clustered, usually curved, resembling "chicken claws", with a single stem rhizome 3 to 6 cm long and 3 to 8 mm in diameter. The surface is grayish-yellow or yellow-brown, rough, with irregular nodular protrusions, fibrous roots, and remnants of fibrous roots. Some internodal surfaces are smooth like stems, commonly referred to as "crossing the bridge". The upper part often retains brown scale leaves, with remnants of stems or petioles at the apex. The texture is hard, with an uneven cross-section, the bark is orange-red or dark brown, the wood is bright yellow or orange-yellow, arranged radially, and the pith is sometimes hollow. It has a faint odor and an extremely bitter taste.
2. Ya Lian: Usually a single stem, slightly cylindrical, slightly curved, resembling "old silkworms", 4 to 8 cm long and 5 to 10 mm in diameter. The "crossing the bridge" part is relatively long. The apex has a small amount of residual stem.
3. Yun Lian: Usually a single stem, curved in a hook shape, relatively small, resembling "scorpion tails", 2 to 5 cm long and 2 to 4 mm in diameter. It has "crossing the bridge". The break surface is relatively flat, yellow-brown.
Huanglian slices,Stone Column Huanglian
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