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27
2020-05
Understand the relationship between the growth of Huanglian and its environment to promote the growth of Huanglian.
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The growth of Huanglian is greatly related to climate and soil, so it is necessary for us to understand the relationship between Huanglian's growth and the environment.
1. Climate:
In our province, the cultivation of Huanglian is distributed in the cold mountainous areas at an altitude of 1200-1800 meters, with an average annual temperature of 8-10°C, the highest monthly average temperature not exceeding 23°C, and the lowest around -2°C, with an absolute minimum temperature of about -8°C. Generally, the first frost occurs in mid to late October, and the last frost in mid-March, with a frost period of about 150 days. The annual rainfall is over 1000 millimeters, and it is often foggy and humid, with an average relative humidity of about 85%.
The growth and development of Huanglian first require a natural environment with low temperatures and high humidity; it is most afraid of high temperatures and drought. Secondly, it requires a shaded natural environment and cannot withstand strong sunlight; otherwise, it will quickly wither. Therefore, when cultivating Huanglian, shading is essential. Huanglian likes shade but cannot be overly shaded; excessive shading leads to weak and slender growth, making it susceptible to diseases. The shading level for Huanglian is generally between 60-80%, smaller in high-altitude areas and slightly larger in low-altitude areas; during transplantation, the shading should be larger, and after survival, it should gradually decrease. The shading must be uniform, allowing sunlight to penetrate through the gaps in the shade, so that the above-ground parts of the plants can receive sunlight evenly, but not be exposed to direct sunlight for long periods.
The distribution of Huanglian is limited by a certain altitude, but this limitation is not insurmountable. In recent years, with the development of Huanglian production, some have cultivated Huanglian in areas below 1000 meters in altitude, achieving better yields. However, when cultivating Huanglian in low-altitude areas, it is necessary to choose places with less sunlight, lower temperatures, and higher humidity according to its characteristics of requiring low temperatures, high humidity, and shade, while maintaining good shading.
For a long time, the cultivation of Huanglian has relied on artificial shelters to create suitable shading conditions to ensure its growth and development. In recent years, experiments have promoted the use of natural forests and the establishment of artificial forests as shading conditions, which have also shown good growth and development.
2. Soil:
The selection of soil for cultivating Huanglian is quite strict. Huanglian has a long growth period, many fibrous roots, and is distributed in the surface soil, requiring a long time to absorb nutrients from the surface soil. Therefore, the soil for cultivating Huanglian should have good soil structure, be loose and fertile, rich in organic matter, have a deep soil layer, and good aeration and drainage performance. The best soil texture is loam, while clay is not suitable. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral; both overly acidic and overly alkaline conditions are unsuitable. The main soils for cultivating Huanglian in the main production areas are yellow clay, purple-red clay, and oil sand, while other soils are rarely used.
Huanglian should not be continuously cropped. In the past, a lot of forest was destroyed for cultivation, and the bases for cultivating Huanglian could not be fixed. To solve this problem, our farm collaborated with the Shizhu Huanglian Farm to conduct research on Huanglian crop rotation, initially identifying the soil factors that hinder Huanglian growth due to continuous cropping. After harvesting Huanglian, rotating with corn, potatoes, and green manure for 2-3 years before replanting Huanglian can achieve a yield of 130-200 kilograms per mu, reaching the production level of "cultivating on reclaimed land," thus solving the soil problems of continuous cropping. This crop rotation system has been tested and promoted in the production areas.
The terrain of the soil for cultivating Huanglian must be selected on early or late sunlit slopes, preferably with a slight slope for drainage, but the slope should not exceed 30 degrees. When cultivating Huanglian on flat land, drainage must be taken into account.
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